{"id":1369,"date":"2026-03-17T22:09:33","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T15:09:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/truongthanhgiang.com\/?p=1369"},"modified":"2026-03-17T22:09:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T15:09:38","slug":"phan-biet-cong-chung-chung-thuc-chung-nhan-lanh-su-va-hop-phap-hoa-lanh-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truongthanhgiang.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/17\/phan-biet-cong-chung-chung-thuc-chung-nhan-lanh-su-va-hop-phap-hoa-lanh-su\/","title":{"rendered":"PH\u00c2N BI\u1ec6T C\u00d4NG CH\u1ee8NG, CH\u1ee8NG TH\u1ef0C, CH\u1ee8NG NH\u1eacN L\u00c3NH S\u1ef0 V\u00c0 H\u1ee2P PH\u00c1P H\u00d3A L\u00c3NH S\u1ef0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i chung: \u201c\u0111i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd\u201d; \u201c\u0111i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a\u201d; \u201cra t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn\u201d…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 4 nh\u00f3m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong>, do 4 nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/strong>, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn: gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, ch\u1eef k\u00fd, con d\u1ea5u, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ri\u00eang<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sai s\u00f3t hay g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: <\/strong>nh\u1ea7m sao y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng; nh\u1ea7m Ph\u00f2ng T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i legalize xong nh\u01b0ng qu\u00ean d\u1ecbch; d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n tem l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1; n\u1ed9p b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1. C\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng <\/strong>l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn: t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, giao d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch. (Theo Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng 2024)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ki\u1ec3m tra: ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00fd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng; c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng; n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng- t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u01a1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: <\/strong>Ph\u00f2ng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng; V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong>h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t; h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n; di ch\u00fac; c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2. Ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c <\/strong>l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh, ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00fd, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng\/giao d\u1ecbch trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao (Theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 23\/2015\/N\u0110-CP)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t: <\/strong>ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u01a1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: <\/strong>\u1ee6y ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea5p x\u00e3; Ph\u00f2ng T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p; c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong>sao y CCCD; ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu; ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1eef k\u00fd gi\u1ea5y cam k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng <\/strong>c\u00f3: <\/strong>c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng; ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00f2ng T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 <\/strong>l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. (Theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 111\/2011\/N\u0110-CP<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong>Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u01a1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: <\/strong>C\u1ee5c L\u00e3nh s\u1ef1; S\u1edf Ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ee5 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4. H\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 <\/strong>l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong>Certificate of Incorporation t\u1eeb Hong Kong mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chu\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2192 c\u01a1 quan n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf t\u1ea1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn
\u2192 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1
\u2192 d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t
\u2192 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch
\u2192 n\u1ed9p cho c\u01a1 quan Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: <\/strong>Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: con d\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u1eadt; ch\u1eef k\u00fd th\u1eadt; ch\u1ee9c danh \u0111\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00fang sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1. C\u01a1 quan n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf t\u1ea1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong>Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. (g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng mang t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea7ng 1: <\/strong>N\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea7ng 2: <\/strong>Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1eb7c C\u1ee5c L\u00e3nh s\u1ef1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(t\u1ea7ng 2 l\u00e0m \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i hay Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2. D\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1: v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch <\/strong>v\u00ec c\u01a1 quan Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch <\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn n\u1ed9i dung g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng: <\/strong>ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c: <\/strong>x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1: <\/strong>gi\u1ea5y Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00f9ng ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1: <\/strong>gi\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu\u1ed1n x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 3 c\u00e2u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Gi\u1ea5y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. D\u00f9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. C\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hay x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn n\u1ed9i dung?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang 3 c\u00e2u n\u00e0y th\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c.\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi chatGPT)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i chung: \u201c\u0111i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd\u201d; \u201c\u0111i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a\u201d; \u201cra t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn\u201d… Trong khi v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 4 nh\u00f3m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, do 4 nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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